Origins of the Universe baMEL

The Origins of the Universe baMEL asks students to explore the connections between evidence and competing models about how the Universe began. It is one of the most fundamental and existential questions humans have asked.

The Models

Model A: Space, time, and matter came into existence a finite time ago in a hot dense state. It has been expanding and cooling ever since.
Model B: The Universe has always existed in its current state and always will. Matter is created in some places and destroyed in other places at different times.
Model C: The Universe began a finite time ago when a small ball of matter exploded. The matter then spread out throughout space.

Student Handouts


Lines of Evidence

Evidence #1: Scientists expect that the scientific principles we use on and around Earth also work elsewhere in the Universe. Observations of phenomena around the Universe show that this is true.
Evidence #2: Models of the Universe predict how much we should see of the lightest elements. Our observations of hydrogen, helium, and other light elements match these predictions.
Evidence #3: On average we observe about the same distribution of galaxies in any area of space. We would also make this observation from any other location in space.
Evidence #4: Astronomers observe a uniform glow in the background of the sky no matter where we look.
Evidence #5: Observations of the sky's background glow match predictions from models very well. This data tells us that the temperature of the Universe is about 2.7K.
Evidence #6: All galaxies are moving with space. Galaxies that are farther from Earth are moving faster than galaxies closer to Earth. Most galaxies are moving away from each other.
Evidence #7: The Universe has a predictable age based on its rate of expansion. Nothing in the Universe is older than that age.
Evidence #8: The Universe was once extremely hot and allowed for matter and energy to spontaneously convert back and forth into each other. Today, the Universe is far cooler than it once was.


Student Handouts

Virtual baMEL

The Google Drive folder below contains MEL resource documents in the Google formats. In order to maximize the flexibility of our activities, the MEL Project Team wanted to make more resources compatible with virtual settings. We have made our MEL scaffolds available in Google formats, so that they can be copied, modified, and uploaded more easily on a variety of platforms and devices. Please note that to access all the materials for each MEL scaffold, you will need a Google account. View the README file first.