What is the Volume of the 1992 Eruption of Cerro Negro Volcano, Nicaragua?
chuck connor, University of South Florida-St. Petersburg
SSAC Physical Volcanology module. Students build a spreadsheet to calculate the volume a tephra deposit using an exponential-thinning model.

How Does Surface Deformation at an Active Volcano Relate to Pressure and Volume Change in the Magma Chamber?
Peter LaFemina, Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus
SSAC Physical Volcanology module. Students build a spreadsheet to examine and apply the Mogi model for horizontal and vertical surface displacement vs. depth and pressure conditions in the magma chamber.

Unit 2: What does GPR data look like?
Sarah Kruse, University of South Florida, skruse@usf.edu Christine Downs, University of South Florida, christinemdowns1@gmail.com Download a ZIP file of this Unit
GPR imaging is more complex than is portrayed in the media. This unit describes what the GPR response for a buried object looks like. This is a distorted image of the object itself. Nevertheless, the response we do ...

Unit 2.5: Applying what we've learned: How can a volcanic eruption or earthquake shake the whole world?
Sandra Penny, Russell Sage College
We're over halfway through Unit 2 and the students are now equipped with a more solid understanding of energy types and transformations, waves, power, and the fact that waves move energy from one place to ...

Unit 2.4: Power
Sandra Penny, Russell Sage College
In this unit, students explore the relationship between energy and power when they design an experiment to measure and calculate their maximum power output by running up a staircase at a fast, medium, and slow ...

What is the Volume of a Debris Flow?
chuck connor, University of South Florida-St. Petersburg
SSAC Physical Volcanology module. Students build a spreadsheet to estimate the volume of volcanic deposits using map, thickness and high-water mark data from the 2005 Panabaj debris flow (Guatemala).

Unit 4.3 Nature and machine: implementation of forces
Natalie Bursztyn, University of Montana
How do forces cause Earth's crust to collide and divide? Students plan, design, and construct a model of plate tectonics to further develop a concept that they began to investigate back in Unit 3. Then, ...

Unit 2.6: Is heat always a dead end, or can it do something useful too?
Sandra Penny, Russell Sage College, and Natalie Bursztyn, University of Montana
Students focus on some thermodynamic aspects of energy: Heat, heat engines, and the second law of thermodynamics. We have already laid the groundwork for these concepts in Unit 2.3 (Energy Types and ...

How are Flow Conditions in Volcanic Conduits Estimated?
chuck connor, University of South Florida-St. Petersburg
SSAC Physical Volcanology module. Students build a spreadsheet to calculate velocity of rising magma in steady-state Plinian eruptions using conservation of mass and momentum.

Unit 4.2 Why do objects change their motion?
Sandra Penny, Russell Sage College, and Natalie Bursztyn, University of Montana
Why do objects change their motion? In this unit, students discover force types and the connection between a force and an acceleration. In an engineering and design project, students will construct a ...