Layer Cake Geology

Molly Ward

Museum of the Rockies (through 6/30/09)

This activity is part of the On the Cutting Edge Exemplary Teaching Activities collection and has been reviewed by 1 other review process (view details)

This activity was selected for the On the Cutting Edge Exemplary Teaching Collection

Resources in this top level collection a) must have scored Exemplary or Very Good in all five review categories, and must also rate as "Exemplary" in at least three of the five categories. The five categories included in the peer review process are
- Scientific Accuracy
- Alignment of Learning Goals, Activities, and Assessments
- Pedagogic Effectiveness
- Robustness (usability and dependability of all components)
- Completeness of the ActivitySheet web page
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This activity has benefited from input from faculty educators beyond the author through a review and suggestion process. This review took place as a part of a faculty professional development workshop where groups of faculty reviewed each others' activities and offered feedback and ideas for improvements. To learn more about the process On the Cutting Edge uses for activity review, see http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/review.html.

Initial Publication Date: June 4, 2009 | Reviewed: June 24, 2014 (see revision history: 2 events)

Summary

This activity visually introduces students to the idea of geologic time and the correlation between time, rock layers and fossils. It uses the familiar, relevant example of cake but teaches important concepts such as the Law of Superposition, and relative dating and hints at more advanced concepts such as the principle of faunal succession. This activity could also be modified and expanded to teach more in-depth paleontological topics including absolute dating and geologic mapping (as related to finding fossils).

Evolution , Biostratigraphy/Biogeography | Primary (K-2), Intermediate (3-5)

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Context

Audience

This activity was designed as a fun way to introduce very young students (K-5) in short informal museum classes to the concepts of geologic time, the fossil record and geologic dating. This write up of the activity was made for inclusion in a traveling teaching trunk where most materials are included. With the proper materials (a white cake with different layers colored with food coloring works, too!), this activity could be used as a demo to introduce any student unfamiliar with these ideas to the concepts.

Skills and concepts that students must have mastered

Sedimentary rock formation processes
Fossil formation (in sedimentary rocks)

How the activity is situated in the course

This is a stand alone exercise and visual that is referred to throughout the class (or period of study) as a reminder about important basic underlying geological and paleontological concepts for introductory students.

Goals

Content/concepts goals for this activity

-Sedimentary rocks form layers.
-When deposited, younger (more recent) sedimentary rock layers sit on top of older rock layers (Law of Superposition).
-Sedimentary rock layers and time can be correlated.
-Relative ages of rocks can be determined based on rock layer position.
-Relative ages of fossils within rock layers can be determined based on position.

Higher order thinking skills goals for this activity

Students must synthesize ideas about rock, a solid physical entity, representing time, an non-tangible concept. They must also use a model (layer cake) to visualize a rocks in the real world.

Other skills goals for this activity

Individual completion of concept related worksheet

Description of the activity/assignment

This activity provides young students with a relevant model (a layer cake) to help them understand concepts about sedimentary rock layers (such as the Law of Superposition), correlation of the rock record with geologic time and relative ages of rocks and fossils.