About the Pine Ridge Reservation

This case study was written by Ellen Dockery, a lower division undergraduate student who is not an earth science major, as part of the DLESE Community Services Project: Integrating Research in Education. The pages in this case study reflect the personal views of the student author and not of MSU, SERC or the NSF.

Oglala Sioux Tribal Flag. Image courtesy of EPA. Details

The Pine Ridge Reservation in southwestern South Dakota, home of the Oglala band of Lakota Sioux, initially contained over 60,000,000 acres as part of the Great Sioux Reservation that was established by the Fort Laramie Treaty in 1868. The reservation has been significantly reduced in size as the U.S. government illegally opened the land to homesteading in 1876, gold mining in the Black Hills during the Gold Rush(~1876), and in response to the Dawes Act (1889) which broke up the Great Sioux Reservation into 5 smaller reservations--the Pine Ridge Reservation is one of these. Today the reservation occupies ~2,800,000 acres (11,000 square miles-the size of Connecticut).

Treaty violations and the government's pursuit of tribal land once economically viable natural resources were discovered led to the battle at Wounded Knee in 1890 (Oglala Sioux Tribe Community Environmental Profile (more info) ), the American Indian Movement's (AIM) armed occupation of Wounded Knee, government enforced militarism on the reservation, and the conviction of Leonard Peltier for the murder of two FBI agents (Matthiessen, 1991 ).

Burial of the dead at Wounded Knee in 1890. Image courtesy of the Library of Congress. Details

Wounded Knee

Resources about the 1890 battle at Wounded Knee

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The Wounded Knee Massacre (more info) This website details the sequence of events leading up to the massacre of 1890, and an account of the battle based on both historic record and eyewitness accounts.
Lakota Accounts of the Massacre at Wounded Knee (more info) This website provides the personal accounts, in direct quotation, of the Lakota Sioux involved in the massacre at Wounded Knee.

Leonard Peltier

Resources about political prisoner Leonard Peltier

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The Case of Leonard Peltier ( This site may be offline. ) This site is dedicated to raising awareness and ultimately freeing political prisoner, Leonard Peltier.
Demand Clemency for Leonard Peltier (more info) This page contains an online petition for the clemency of Leonard Peltier.
Matthiessen, 1991 This book documents the Supreme Court case of Leonard Peltier.

About the Pine Ridge Reservation

Wounded Knee

Leonard Peltier

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