The peak in global oil production is upon us, and soon oil will need to be replaced with alternative energy sources. This book places the transition between oil and alternative energy sources in historical context, showing how industrialism arose from the harnessing of fossil fuels, how competition to control access to oil shaped the geopolitics of the 20th century, and how contention for dwindling energy resources in the 21st century will lead to resource wars in the Middle East, Central Asia, and South America. The book also describes the likely impacts of oil depletion, and all of the energy alternatives.