Figure 11.1.3. The framework of Coupled Natural-Human Systems (CNHS) applied to Perturbations and Shocks in Agri-Food Systems. For both the human and natural systems, the characteristics and internal interactions of each will determine properties of <em>resilience</em> versus <em>vulnerability</em>, which influences what the final effect of a shock or perturbation will be. The internal interaction arrow of the human System is given a larger size, at center left of the image, to describe human-generated shocks such as conflict or economic crises (as well as their human mitigating factors in the form of preparedness or food aid, e.g.) can have in improving or worsening the impacts of shocks. Natural to human coupling is conceived of both as drivers and feedbacks because shocks that may seem to originate purely in the natural system, such as droughts and flooding, are increasingly understood to be feedbacks or responses to the damaging effects of human systems on natural systems such as soil erosion or climate change.
Originally uploaded in Integrate:Teaching for Sustainability:InTeGrate Modules:Future of Food:Student Materials.
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