Figure 4. Conceptualization of soil flux caused by manual tillage across a range of slopes. Soil flux increases in a near linear fashion on moderate slopes. As the slope approaches the angle of repose for resting soil clods, the contribution of ravel causes the increase in soil flux to become nonlinear. Ravel is the rolling, bouncing, and sliding of soil clods down slope after being dislodged.
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May9 10