Provenance
Close-up view of tubeworms (Riftia pachyptila), bathed in dilute hydrothermal fluids, at water depths over a mile and half
(~2.5 km) under the Pacific Ocean, can tolerate high temperatures and sulfide concentrations. They have tubes that can
reach lengths of 3 m, and the red "plume" that sticks out of the top contains hemoglobin, which is used to exchange
compounds with the environment (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc.) that are used by symbiotic bacteria
that live in a specialized organ (trophosome) to make energy.
, Marvin Lilley

WHOI:National Deep Submergence Facility

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