How Does Surface Deformation at an Active Volcano Relate to Pressure and Volume Change in the Magma Chamber? part of Examples
SSAC Physical Volcanology module. Students build a spreadsheet to examine and apply the Mogi model for horizontal and vertical surface displacement vs. depth and pressure conditions in the magma chamber.

Frequency of Large Earthquakes -- Introducing Some Elementary Statistical Descriptors part of Examples
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum module. Students examine the number of large earthquakes (magnitude 7 and above) per year for 1970-1999 and 1940-1999. QL: descriptors of a frequency distribution.

Shaking Ground - Linking Earthquake Magnitude and Intensity part of Examples
An in-class activity for connecting earthquake magnitude, shaking, and intensity.

Mapping Coastal Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise at Point Reyes National Seashore part of Examples
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum/Geology of National Parks module. Students work with a color-coded conditional-formatted spreadsheet map to work through a USGS report applying a coastal vulnerability index.

Lithospheric Density part of Examples
Students learn about the weighted mean by building spreadsheets that apply this concept to the average density of the oceanic lithosphere.

Flood Days and Good Canoeing Days at Congaree National Park part of Examples
SSAC Geology of National Parks module/Geology of National Parks course. Students calculate probabilities using USGS hydrograph data, a spreadsheet of daily stage heights, and the COUNTIF function.

Deciviews from Look Rock, Great Smoky Mountains National Park: How Hazy is it? part of Examples
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum/Geology of National Parks module. Students calculate the haze index and standard visual range from concentrations of particulate matter.

Earthquake Magnitude: How Can We Compare the Sizes of Earthquakes? part of Examples
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum module. Students build spreadsheets to tabulate and graph seismic wave amplitude and energy release to explore the logarithmic scale of earthquake magnitude.

Carbon Sequestration in Campus Trees part of Examples
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum module. Students use allometric relationships to calculate tree mass from trunk diameter in a stand of trees in the Pacific Northwest.

Salmon Use of Geomorphically Restored Streams at Point Reyes National Seashore part of Examples
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum module/Geology of National Parks course. Students work with salmon-trace streambed data to study whether removal of a spawning run barrier was effective