Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Spatial Analysis Center, Yellowstone National Park
      Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
      Title:
        1988 Fire Perimeter Map of Yellowstone National
        Park, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The growth of the 1988 fires in the Greater
      Yellowstone Area from July 14 to October 1 is
      represented in the form of daily fire perimeter
      maps. Major fires included in the dataset are the
      North Fork-Wolf Lake, Fan, Hellroaring, Storm
      Creek, Clover-Mist, Huck, Mink, and the Snake
      Complex, consisting of the Falls, Red, and
      Shoshone Fires. This fire record integrates
      information and data from a variety of sources,
      including daily infrared photography flights,
      satellite imagery, ground and aerial
      reconnaissance, command center intelligence, and
      the personal recollections of fire behavior
      observers. Using GRASS GIS software, fire position
      was digitized from topographic maps to construct a
      file of daily fire location in vector format. The
      fire perimeter layer contains polygons made up of
      perimeters representing the fire position, each
      with a single attribute of date. The major fire
      the polygon belongs to is also identified. Large
      unburned areas within the fires' perimeters were
      excluded when possible, but the fires burned as
      mosaics and many small patches of unburned
      vegetation could not be identified or excluded.
      Thus the area within the final perimeter will
      overpredict the actual area burned.
    Purpose:
      This research effort was initiated soon after the
      fires were over to reconstruct the fire behavior
      and the conditions that produced 3 months of
      large-fire growth. The purpose was to put together
      a data set suitable for analyzing large-fire
      growth. Of particular importance to further study
      are growth progression, rates of spread, and
      relation of fire progress to weather and terrain.
    Supplemental_Information:
      One of the key elements of this work has been a
      comprehensive effort to resolve conflicting or
      incomplete data and to develop maps accurately
      depicting the growth of the fires. Considerable
      thought and care were given to preparation of the
      fire perimeter map, but there are many potential
      sources of error; the data should not be
      considered to be the absolute truth. Boundaries,
      streams, and sites used for reference at map
      production scales were taken from a variety of
      sources and were digitized at a variety of scales.
      These results should not be considered for
      determining legal questions such as whether or
      when a fire burned a particular feature. Two
      aircrafts (with infrared scanners) were available
      until late August, when one was sent to other
      fires. Unfortunately, the largest fire growth was
      taking place at this time, and one aircraft could
      not cover all of the active fire perimeter in one
      night of flying. Areas on the Snake Complex in the
      south, the Clover-Mist Fire in the eastern
      section, and the North Fork-Wolf Lake Fire were
      not well mapped late in the summer.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 19880614
        Ending_Date: 19881001
    Currentness_Reference: Observed
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
      Yellowstone National Park and areas to the north,
      south, east, and west of the park that include the
      full extent of the 1988 fires.
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -111.2265
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -109.4555
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.329
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.9205
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Fire
      Theme_Keyword: Wildland fire
      Theme_Keyword: ecosystem
      Theme_Keyword: fire growth
      Theme_Keyword: fire perimeter
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword:
        National Park Service, NPS, Department of the
        Interior, DOI, US Government
      Place_Keyword: United States of America, US, USA, North America
      Place_Keyword:
        Yellowstone National Park, YNP, YELL, Greater
        Yellowstone Area, GYA, Greater Yellowstone
        Ecosystem, GYE, Park County, Teton County, Fremont
        County, Gallatin County, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming,
        Northern Rocky Mountains
    Temporal:
      Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Temporal_Keyword: 1988
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: see Supplemental Information section
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization:
          Spatial Analysis Center - Yellowstone National
          Park
      Contact_Position: GIS Specialist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing Address
        Address: Yellowstone Center for Resources
        Address: Spatial Analysis Center
        Address: P.O. Box 168
        City: Yellowstone National Park
        State_or_Province: Wyoming
        Postal_Code: 82190
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (307) 344-2246
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (307) 344-2211
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: yell_gis@nps.gov
      Hours_of_Service:
        8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (Mountain Time) Monday
        Through Friday
      Contact_Instructions:
        Please check web site first:
        http://www.nps.gov/yell/technical/gis
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: f88perim.gif
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: 1988 Fire Perimeter Browse Graphic
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
  Security_Information:
    Security_Classification_System: None
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Handling_Description: None
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: NT-ARC/INFO
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
      Most map dates could be verified by one or more
      sources of information. In areas flown and mapped
      daily, the headquarter's map perimeters and dates
      were corrected with a high degree of certainty.
      Some of the fire locations in the interior of the
      fire were uncertain due to large-scale fire
      activity and the lack of time and resources to map
      all perimeters. In these cases experience in fire
      behavior along with weather records and topography
      were used to identify probable dates and
      perimeter locations. When an area was not observed
      for several days, a "best guess" date was assigned
      based on written descriptions or interviews with
      fire behavior specialists assigned to the fires.
      When neither of these methods could be used, the
      areas were dated as "burned by" the date the
      perimeter was finally flown. Infrared imaging
      flights were often made after midnight; the dates
      for some polygons had originally been set by the
      date of the IR flight instead of the burn-period
      date. Infrared flight map times and dates and some
      IR flight log information were used to verify or
      correct dates of fire growth. Through these
      efforts, most map dates could be verified by one
      or more sources of information. The fires rarely
      stopped moving at the end of the day, and the time
      of the depicted fire growth snapshot was not the
      same for every 24-hour period. Consequently, fires
      that made a continuous run past midnight are shown
      as spreading on two separate days. This is
      especially noticeable from late August until
      September 10.
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    All polygons have complete topology as verified by
    ARC/INFO vs. 7.0 for UNIX. All polygons have valid
    labels and attributes.
  Completeness_Report:
    All available data on fire perimeters were
    included. Large unburned areas within the fires'
    perimeters were excluded when possible, but the
    fires burned as mosaics and many small patches of
    unburned vegetation could not be identified or
    excluded.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        Some of the fire locations in the interior of the
        fire were uncertain due to large-scale fire
        activity and the lack of time and resources to map
        all perimeters. In these cases experience in fire
        behavior along with weather records and topography
        were used to identify probable  perimeter
        locations. In some cases, two or more versions of
        the daily fire position were found on maps from
        different sources. Chronology, weather reports,
        and the team's shift plan notes were used to
        select the most probable fire location. The final
        perimeter of this fire growth mapwas compared to
        the fire intensity map of YNP to locate burned
        areas not included on the original headquarters
        map. Some of the outermost perimeters were matched
        to the final perimeter shown on the fire intensity
        map and dated by the fire chronology report.
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Kork Systems, Inc.
          Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
          Title: Color Infrared Aerial Photography
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-Sensing Image
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Photos
      Source_Contribution:
        Identification of areas that were actively burning
        and later for verification of burn perimeters.
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Spatial Analysis Center, Yellowstone National Park
          Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
          Title: 1988 Fire Growth Maps
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
          Other_Citation_Details: stored in Yellowstone Archives
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 62500
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fire Growth Maps
      Source_Contribution: Used as source of fire perimeter lines
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: USDA
          Originator: USDI
          Publication_Date: 19881001
          Title: Greater Yellowstone Area Fire Situation, 1988
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Lakewood, Colorado
            Publisher:
              USDA Forest Service Region 2; NPS; Rocky Mountain
              Region
          Other_Citation_Details: Phase II Report; 207 pp
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Date of Publication
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fire Situation
      Source_Contribution:
        Verification of the data on the composite wall map
        (quads)
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: YNP Fire Cache staff
          Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
          Title: misc fire archive maps
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
          Other_Citation_Details: Stored in the Yellowstone Archives
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 62500
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fire Maps
      Source_Contribution:
        reconstruct fire perimeters where the data wasn't
        available from the IR overlays
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: NPS and USFS fire teams in YNP, 1988
          Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
          Title: Fire Team Files
          Other_Citation_Details: Yellowstone Archives
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fire Team Files
      Source_Contribution:
        reconstruct fire perimeters where the data wasn't
        available from the IR overlays
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: YNP Fire Cache staff, 1988
          Publication_Date: 19881001
          Title: Fire Team Shift Plans
          Other_Citation_Details: Yellowstone Archives
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fire Team Shift Plans
      Source_Contribution:
        The determine which perimeter was most probable if
        more than one version existed.
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Spatial Analysis Center, Yellowstone National Park
          Publication_Date: 19890101
          Title:
            Burned Area Survey of Yellowstone National Park,
            Wyoming, Montana, Idaho.  The Fires of 1988.
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Mammoth, Wyoming
            Publisher: Yellowstone National Park
          Other_Citation_Details:
            Report by the Division of Research and Geographic
            Information Systems Laboratory, Yellowstone
            National Park
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 250000
      Type_of_Source_Media: Disc
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19890101
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Date of Publication
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fire Intensity
      Source_Contribution:
        Map was used to overlay with fire perimeter maps
        to locate burned areas not included in the
        composite wall map.
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: National Weather Service, Boise, ID
          Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
          Title: Weather Reports
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Document
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Weather Reports
      Source_Contribution:
        If more than one version of a fire perimeter
        existed, the most probable perimeter was located
        using chronology reports, weather reports, and
        shift plan notes.
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Interagency Fire Center, Boise, ID
          Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
          Title: Flight line maps and flight log information
          Other_Citation_Details: stored at the YNP Archives
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Flight Line Maps and Flight Log Information
      Source_Contribution:
        When flight dates were recorded instead of burn
        date, they were corrected using IR flight line map
        times and IR flight log information.
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Rothermel, Richard C.
          Originator: Hartford, Roberta A.
          Originator: Chase, Carolyn H.
          Publication_Date: 19940101
          Title:
            Fire Growth Maps for the 1988 Greater Yellowstone
            Area Fires
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: General Technical Report
            Issue_Identification: INT-304
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Ogden, UT
            Publisher: USDA Forest Service
          Other_Citation_Details:
            Rothermel, R. C.; Hartford, R. A.; Chase, C. H.
            1994. Fire growth maps for the 1988 Greater
            Yellowstone Area Fires. General Technical Report
            INT-304. Ogden, UT: U. S. Department of
            Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain
            Research Station. 64 p.
      Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: 19880630
            Ending_Date: 19881001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Observed
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 1988 Fire Growth Maps
      Source_Contribution:
        This is the original study and data format for
        this layer.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Data from IR scanner flights were transferred by
        hand to 1:62,500 USGS quad maps (the composite
        "wall map") and digitized sometime after 1988 in
        GRASS. The fire perimeters were verified by IR
        scanner overlays and fire chronology reports. For
        the days prior to the IR scanner flights and for
        days when IR data was not available, fire
        perimeters were reconstructed using maps from the
        park archives and additional documentation from
        the files of individual fire teams. If more than
        one version of a fire perimeter existed, the most
        probable perimeter was located using chronology
        reports, weather reports, and shift plan notes.
        When flight dates were recorded instead of burn
        date, they were corrected using IR flight line map
        times and IR flight log information. An overlay of
        the fire intensity map was used to locate
        perimeters not included on the composite wall map.
        Unburned pockets were excluded where possible.
      Process_Date: 19930101
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Converted from a GRASS vector file to Arc/Info on
        UNIX coverage and cleaned up in ArcEdit. Spurious
        lines were removed, and unclosed polygons were
        fixed. Coverage was then reprojected from UTM
        NAD27 into UTM NAD83.
      Process_Date: 19950601
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Organization_Primary:
            Contact_Organization:
              Spatial Analysis Center - Yellowstone National
              Park
          Contact_Position: GIS Specialist
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing address
            Address: Yellowstone Center for Resources
            Address: Spatial Analysis Center
            Address: P. O. Box 168
            City: Yellowstone National Park
            State_or_Province: Wyoming
            Postal_Code: 82190
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (307) 344-2246
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (307) 344-2211
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: yell_gis@nps.gov
          Hours_of_Service:
            8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.(Mountain Time)  Monday
            Through Friday
          Contact_Instructions:
            Please check web site first:
            http://www.nps.gov/yell/technical/gis
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-Polygon
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name:
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 12
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -111
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
            False_Easting: 500000
            False_Northing: 0
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: .9996
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: .61
          Ordinate_Resolution: .61
        Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: Geodedic Reference System 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.26
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      The polygons in the data base depict daily fire
      perimeters of the major fires in Yellowstone
      National Park (North Fork-Wolf Lake, Fan,
      Hellroaring, Storm Creek, Clover-Mist, Huck, Mink,
      and the Snake Complex, consisting of the Falls,
      Red, and Shoshone Fires). The fire to which an
      polygon belongs is indicated in the item FIRE in
      the data base. Each polygon is labeled with the
      date when the fire burned this area. The dates in
      the item DATE range from 6/30 to 10/1. The item
      CATEGORY contains a number which is different for
      each separate date. The item may serve as a
      selection item.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
      Rothermel, R. C.; Hartford R. A.; Chase, C. H.
      (1994). Fire growth Maps for the 1988 Greater
      Yellowstone Area Fires. USDA Forest Service,
      Intermountain Research Station. General Technical
      Report INT-304. Ogden, UT
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Bill Slocumb
        Contact_Organization: North Carolina State University
      Contact_Position: Research Associate/GIS Specialist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 5112 Jordan Hall
        City: Raleigh
        State_or_Province: North Carolina
        Postal_Code: 27695
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 919-515-3432
      Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST, Monday Through Friday
      Contact_Instructions:
        Data available on national NPS spatial data
        clearinghouse, www.nps.gov/gis/available_data.html
  Resource_Description: yell_fire88perim.e00.zip
  Distribution_Liability:
    The National Park Service shall not be held liable
    for improper or incorrect use of the data
    described and/or contained herein. These data and
    related graphics ("GIF" format files) are not
    legal documents and are not intended to be used as
    such. The information contained in these data is
    dynamic and may change over time. The data are not
    better than the original sources from which they
    were derived. It is the responsibility of the data
    user to use the data appropriately and consistent
    within the limitations of geospatial data in
    general and these data in particular. The related
    graphics are intended to aid the data user in
    acquiring relevant data; it is not appropriate to
    use the related graphics as data. The National
    Park Service gives no warranty, expressed or
    implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or
    completeness of these data. It is strongly
    recommended that these data are directly acquired
    from an NPS server and not indirectly through
    other sources which may have changed the data in
    some way. Although these data have been processed
    successfully on a computer system at the National
    Park Service, no warranty expressed or implied is
    made regarding the utility of the data on another
    system or for general or scientific purposes, nor
    shall the act of distribution constitute any such
    warranty. This disclaimer applies both to
    individual use of the data and aggregate use with
    other data.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Non-digital_Form: None
    Fees: None
    Ordering_Instructions:
      Dataset available on the NPS Spatial Data
      Clearinghouse:
      www.nps.gov/gis/available_data.html.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: ARCE
        Format_Version_Number: Version 8.0.1
        Format_Specification: .e00
        Transfer_Size: .739
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name:
                ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/unity/lockers/ftp/npsftp/pu
                b/data/YELL/<file name>
    Fees: None
    Ordering_Instructions:
      Dataset available at any time via the world wide
      web.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 19971126
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20001004
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization:
          Spatial Analysis Center - Yellowstone National
          Park
      Contact_Position: GIS Specialist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing Address
        Address: Yellowstone Center for Resources
        Address: Spatial Analysis Center
        Address: P.O. Box 168
        City: Yellowstone National Park
        State_or_Province: Wyoming
        Postal_Code: 82190
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (307) 344-2246
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (307) 344-2211
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: yell_gis@nps.gov
      Hours_of_Service:
        8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (Mountain Time) Monday
        Through Friday
      Contact_Instructions:
        Please check web site first:
        http://www.nps.gov/yell/technical/gis
  Metadata_Standard_Name:
    FGDC Content Standards For Digital Geospatial
    Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: June 8, 1994
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Security_Information:
    Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
    Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None
