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["Concepts, Content, and Skills:  Geology 204, Mineralogy"]
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["Part I:  Observation/ Description","Start with the \"concrete\" and work towards the \"abstract\" (~7 weeks instruction; weekly quizzes and mineral identification mid-term)"]
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["Hand Sample Identification","Physical properties, composition, occurrences, and associations"]
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["Minerals in Context"]
["Minerals in Felsic Igneous Rocks","quartz (α,β); microcline, orthoclase, sanidine; plagioclase; leucite, nepheline, sodalite"]
["Minerals in Mafic Igneous Rocks/ and related minerals","olivine; diopside, augite, enstatite, jadeite; hornblende, anthophyllite, tremolite/actinolite, glaucophane"]
["Minerals in Metamorphic Rocks","biotite, muscovite, chlorite, serpentine, talc; kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, staurolite, cordierite; corundum; garnet; epidote"]
["Minerals in Surficial Deposits","calcite, dolomite, rhodochrosite, siderite, aragonite, malachite, azurite; gypsum, anhydrite, barite; halite, sylvite, fluorite; kaolinite; apatite"]
["Minerals in (Metallic) ore bodies","pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, enargite, arsenopyrite, bornite, galena, molybdenite, sphalerite, gold, copper, graphite; magnetite, ilmenite, chromite, hematite; goethite, bauxite "]
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["Part II:  Theory","Explaining and interpreting the physical properties of minerals based on underlying concepts of crystallography and crystal chemistry"]
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["Crystallography","Basic symmetry elements:  mirrors, rotation axes, center of symmetry, translation"]
["(~3 weeks)","Combinations of symmetry elements:  32 Point Groups"]
[null,"Hermann-Mauguinn Symbols"]
[null,"Crystal Systems: isometric, tetragonal, hexagonal, trigonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic"]
[null,"Crystallographic Axes:  requirements of different lengths and angles for each system"]
[null,"Crystal Forms:  certain forms are permitted/excluded from crystal systems as required by symmetry; need name of form, system, and appropriate Miller Index {hkl}"]
[null,"Miller Indices; face (hkl); form {hkl}; zone [hkl]"]
[" ","Zone and zone axes; Weiss Zone law for calculating zone axis for two intersecting faces; test for inclusion of a face in a given zone"]
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[null,"Bravais Lattices:  14 possible lattices; primitive, face-centered, all face centered, body centered, rhombohedral…Certain lattices are permitted in different crystal systems; stacking of two-dimensional \"nets\""]
[null,"Screw axes, glide planes"]
["Crystal Chemistry ","Periodic table, properties of elements (e.g. electronegativity, ionization potential…), valence electrons, orbitals, hybrid orbitals, ionic radius, charge…."]
["(1 week)","Cubic and hexagonal close packing of anions (oxygen)"]
[null,"Pauling's Rules: 1) Coordination principle, 2) electrostatic valency principle, 3) sharing of polyhedral elements--apices, edges, faces; 4)Sharing  polyhedral elements--large valence and small coordination number tend to not share plyhedral elements; 5) Principle of Parsimony"]
[null,"Coordination Number, coordination polyhedra, what elements are \"permitted\" to occupy different crystallographic sites?"]
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[null,"Polymorphism:  reconstructive, displacive, order-disorder"]
[null,"Mineral Composition Recalculation (problem set)"]
[null,"Compositional variation in minerals: solid solution (complete, limited, coupled)"]
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[null,"Crystal Structures:  point defects (Shottky, Frenkel), dislocations, screw axes, planar defects"]
[null,"Twinning: types of (albite, carlsbad, etc.)"]
[null,"Exsolution (perthite, inverted pigeonite)"]
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[null,"Gibbs   Phase Rule"]
[null,"Phase diagrams:  Binary--eutectic (diopside-anorthite); peritectic; two phase loop (olivine and plagioclase series); solvus (alkali feldspars); problem set"]
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[null,"Color in Minerals: Problem set using crystal field theory to explain/predict site occupancy, nature of color in minerals, role of transition metals…(problem set)"]
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["Part III:  Methods and Testing"]
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["Optical Mineralogy","Nature of light; Refractive Indices; Snell's Law of Refraction"]
["(~3 weeks)","Light in isotropic minerals"]
[null,"Becke Line test; grain mount measurement of RI"]
[null,"Uniaxial minerals: uniaxial indicatrix, optic axis and \"flash\" interference figures, optic sign, birefringence, lenth fast/slow determination"]
[null,"Biaxial minerals: biaxial indicatrix;  optic axis and BXA figures, optic sign, 2V, sign of elongation, extinction angle"]
[null,"Lab Quiz:  identification of minerals in a) granite, b) gabbro"]
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["X-ray Diffraction","Principles of XRD; Bragg's Law"]
["(1 week)","Demonstration of powder XRD using simple oxides to a) index peaks, b) measure ionic radius of Ca, Mg, Mn as demonstration of changes in ionic radius across the periodic table"]
[null,"Identification of unknowns in samples collected for final research project"]
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["SEM/EDS","Principles of electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry"]
[" ","Collection of images, spectra in samples collected for final research project"]
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["Research Project","Samples collected from the Golden Sunlight Mine to answer mineralogical questions posed by mine staff.  Project includes:  1) Field trip to the mine for sample collecting, 2) hand sample identification, 3) petrographic description of samples, 4) XRD analysis, 5) SEM/EDS analysis. Final report requires integration of numerous lines of evidence to address the assigned question.Significant writing requirement."]
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["Other Skills/ Activities"]
["Introduction to Geologic Literature"]
[null,"Article by Hazen on the History of Mineralogy"]
[null,"Search (GeoRef) for information on the significance of coesite"]
[null,"Articles on health effects of  asbestos"]
[null,"Golden Sunlight Mine article by Spry and others"]
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["Quantitative Skills","Vector operations using Miller Indices and Weiss Zone Law"]
[null,"Recalculation of pyroxene formulae"]
[null,"Application of trigonometry to crystallographic problems"]
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["Collaborative/ Cooperative Learning","Small group learning encouraged in all lab sections; group research projects."]

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